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HTML

HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the standard markup language used to create and structure content on the World Wide Web. It serves as the building blocks of web pages and is responsible for defining the structure and layout of web content, including text, images, links, forms, and multimedia. HTML uses a system of tags (enclosed in angle brackets) to mark up elements within a web page, providing instructions to web browsers on how to render and display the content. Here's a breakdown of HTML's key components and concepts:

1. Elements and Tags:

  • HTML documents consist of a series of elements, each represented by a pair of tags. Tags are enclosed in angle brackets (< >) and come in two forms: opening tags and closing tags. Opening tags specify the beginning of an element, and closing tags include a forward slash (/) before the element name to indicate the end. For example:
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

In this example, <p> is the opening tag, and </p> is the closing tag, encapsulating the paragraph element.

2. Document Structure:

  • An HTML document typically follows a specific structure, consisting of a root element called <html>. Within the <html> element, there are two primary sections:
    • <head>: Contains metadata about the document, such as the title, character encoding, and links to external resources like stylesheets and scripts.
    • <body>: Contains the visible content of the web page, including text, images, links, and other media elements.

3. Headings and Text:

  • HTML provides heading tags (<h1> to <h6>) to define headings and text tags (<p>, <span>, <div>) to structure and format paragraphs and text content.

4. Lists:

  • HTML supports ordered lists (<ol>) and unordered lists (<ul>), as well as list items (<li>) for creating bullet points and numbered lists.

5. Links:

  • Hyperlinks are created using the <a> (anchor) element, allowing users to navigate to other web pages or resources. The href attribute specifies the URL to which the link points.

6. Images:

  • Images are included using the <img> element, with the src attribute specifying the image file's source (URL or file path) and the alt attribute providing alternative text for accessibility.

7. Forms:

  • HTML offers form elements (<form>, <input>, <textarea>, <button>, etc.) for collecting user input, such as text, checkboxes, radio buttons, and submit buttons.

8. Semantic HTML:

  • Semantic HTML elements like <header>, <nav>, <article>, <section>, and <footer> provide meaning and structure to web content. They aid in accessibility and search engine optimization (SEO).

9. Attributes:

  • HTML elements often have attributes that provide additional information or modify their behavior. Attributes are placed within the opening tag and are followed by an equal sign (=) and a value enclosed in double or single quotes.

10. Comments: - HTML comments are used to add notes or descriptions within the code for developers and are not displayed in the web page. Comments are enclosed in <!-- and --> tags.

HTML is an essential technology for web development and serves as the foundation for creating web pages. It works in conjunction with CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) for styling and JavaScript for interactivity to create modern, dynamic, and visually appealing web applications and websites.